武夷山自然保护区森林生态系统服务功能价值评估

使用市场价格替代法、机会成本法和影子工程价格法等评估方法,对武夷山自然保护区森林涵养水源、保持土壤、净化空气、固碳制氧、休闲游憩等服务功能进行了初步估算。得出该地区森林生态系统的涵养水源价值为2.28亿元.a-1、保持土壤价值为0.76亿元.a-1、固碳制氧价值为2.20亿元.a-1、净化空气价值为1.76亿元.a-1、休闲游憩价值为6.34亿元.a-1。森林生态系统服务功能的总价值为13.34亿元.a-1。     

Trees and windbreaks in the Sahel: establishment,growth, nutritive,and calorific values

Tree and windbreak species considered for the Southern Sahelian Zone (SSZ) of West Africa have to be evaluated following multiple criteria such as fast establishment, shelter efficiency, production of feed for livestock, and firewood. An on-station experiment was conducted on a sandy soil in southwest Niger between 1988 and 1993 to assess the establishment, growth, nutritive, and calorific values of seven species considered for windbreaks:Andropogon gayanus, Bauhinia rufescens, Acacia holosericea, Acacia nilotica, Acacia senegal, Faidherbia albida, andAzadirachta indica. Mortality and stem diameter were monitored twice a year. From 20 months after planting (MAP) onwards, species were annually trimmed to 2 m height and to 1 m sidewards of the main stem. Fresh and dry weight of leaves, twigs, wood, and fruits were recorded. Leaves were analyzed for crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (ME) content. Wood was analyzed for its gross calorific value and its ash content. At 56 MAP, all species had less than 5% morality, except forA. holosericea, which had a mortality rate of 15.9%.A. indica andA. holosericea showed the highest stem diameter among species with 12.2 and 11.8 cm, respectively, at 56 MAP.A. senegal had the highest dry matter production with 22.3 t ha^–1 at 56 MAP, followed byA. indica (12.0 t ha^–1),A. holosericea (11.7 t ha^–1) andB. rufescens (11.2 t ha^–1), butA. holosericea was most productive at earlier harvests. OnlyA. senegal (6.4 t ha^–1) andA. indica (5.1 t ha^–1) had a significant wood production, whereasA. holosericea (5.7 t ha^–1) had the highest phyllodes production. Leaves ofA. senegal andA. indica had highest CP contents of 258 and 214 g kg^–1, respectively. The leaves of all species exceptA. gayanus had a higher CP:ME ratio than natural pasture in the region. The calorific values of firewood did not differ significantly among the species.A. nilotica, the species with one of the lowest firewood production, had the highest Fuelwood Value Index of 6.6. The choice of species for planting trees and windbreaks in the SSZ must be oriented along these criteria. Further research should be directed towards cost-benefit analyses, land tenure and property rights in combination with surveys on local knowledge of rural people.     

达里诺尔国家级自然保护区游憩服务功能价值评估

对自然资源价值的评估是监测自然资源的保护与可持续开发利用效果的理论基础。文章以内蒙古赤峰市克什克腾旗达里诺尔国家级自然保护区为研究对象,运用旅行费用法对达里诺尔国家级自然保护区的游憩服务功能进行了价值评估,计算出其游憩总价值为7517万元。这一结果可为达里诺尔国家级自然保护区的资源决策和资源补偿提供一定的参考。     

新体制下我国城市交通规划工作者所面临的任务

市场经济的迅速发展,推动了城市的发展。作为城市规划重要组成部分的交通规划工作内容亦日益广泛。由于我国的交通规划学科是在计划经济模式下发展起来的,而市场经济的兴起不仅使整个社会生活面貌发生了巨变,也给交通规划创造了新的课题。本文就此问题探讨了城市交通规划师在社会主义市场经济条件下应当注意的一些问题。     

A Danish example of optimal thinning strategies in mixed-species forest under changing growth conditions caused by climate change

In this study, we analyse the economic and managerial aspects of option values related to having a mixed-species stand. As an example, we look at a mixed Norway spruce and Sitka spruce stand in Denmark when timing and intensity of future climate, and its effect on tree growth, are uncertain. Assuming that tree growth follows a discrete non-stationary stochastic process, we use dynamic programming to optimise the harvest distribution between the two species.

The results show that facing growth uncertainty caused by potential climate change implies an option value. Such uncertainty can be a potential advantage as long as we are able to maintain flexibility, keep decisions open, and there is a chance that climatic change will benefit some species. We analyse the model under different uncertainty assumptions and show that the larger changes we expect, the higher is the option value at any time during the stand’s life and, hence, we keep, on average, both tree species in the stand for a longer period of time. Moreover, we find that the adjustments may take place rather late in the rotation, a result brought about by the significance of the option value, which makes it optimal to maintain a reasonable stocking of both species.     

5种不同品系相思木材的化学性质 Ⅱ.pH值和酸、碱缓冲容量

对5种相思树人工林木材的pH值和酸、碱缓冲容量的研究结果表明：5种相思树人工林木材之间pH值变异较小，其pH值在4．8～5．9之间；厚荚相思木材心材、边材之间pH值变化较大；木材的酸缓冲容量在2．7～8．35mL范围，碱缓冲容量在21．05～42．00mL范围内变化；5种相思树人工林木材的酸、碱缓冲容量的变化曲线变化趋势大体相同。     

胡杨叶片基态渗透值的研究*

胡杨(Populus euphratica Oliv.)是我国西北干旱地区盐渍化土地上的主要造林树种之一。近十年来,我国有些学者通过野外调查、田间试验等方法,对胡杨独特的抗盐性进行了广泛研究,但有关胡杨抗盐性生理机制方面的研究还很少,为了探讨胡杨的抗盐性机理,我们在1989年采用初始质壁分离法,对胡杨叶片的基态渗透值进行了研究。     

绿竹研究

综合论述了国内外对绿竹的特性、分属地位、分布、繁育、丰产培育技术、笋加工、竹材利用等相关领域的研究动态和进展,并就我国今后绿竹研究提出几点建议。     

青钱柳研究进展

青钱柳是我国独有珍稀植物。对青钱柳的开发利用价值及国内外的研究现状进行概述,并就青钱柳开发利用及研究方向进行了探讨。     

生态旅游商品价值和价格的探讨

通过对生态旅游资源与生态旅游商品的关系、以及生态旅游商品的价值和价格的分析，认为生态旅游商品的主体是自然资源，它是生态旅游商品价值构成的主体，也应该是构成生态旅游商品价格的主体。而传统的旅游价格构成理论不能完全释义现代的生态旅游商品价格构成。在现行旅游商品的价格理论指导下，导致生态旅游商品的理论价格和操作价格中的价值主体错位，直接影响到生态旅游的可持续发展。